why it is celebrated today, October 28

2023 – ANIMATION DAY. World Animation Day is celebrated in commemoration of the first public screening of Émile Reynaud’s Théâtre Optique (Optical Theatre) at the Grevin Museum in Paris in 1892, a precursor to animated cinematography.

Reynaud patented the praxinoscope in 1887, a device that “consisted of a cylinder with a band of color images placed inside it, a central drum of mirrors placed equidistant between the axis of the toy and the cylinder, with a lamp as its axis. to facilitate the illumination of the images,” according to the Ministry of Culture.

Later, the inventor added a wooden box with a removable stage and a glass opening to see the animation. Thus, when the lid was lifted and the cylinder was rotated, the images reflected in the mirror drum were perceived in motion.

After perfecting the mechanism on a large scale, on October 28, 1892, Reynaud projected 15 minutes of drawn slides on a flexible perforated tape while piano music and sound effects played behind the screen.

More anniversaries

1908 – ARTURO FRONDIZI. Lawyer, journalist and politician Arturo Frondizi, president of the Nation between May 1, 1958 and March 29, 1962, when he was overthrown by a military coup, was born in the Corrientes city of Paso de los Libres. He founded the Integration and Development Movement.

1933 – MANUEL F. DOS SANTOS. Former soccer player Manuel Francisco Dos Santos, nicknamed Garrincha, was born in the Brazilian city of Magé, an extraordinary forward who was considered “the best dribbler in the world” and as popular as his contemporary Pelé. He was champion with the Brazilian team in the World Cups in Sweden 1958 and Chile 1962.

1941 – PACHO O’DONNELL. The writer, psychiatrist and historian Mario Ernesto “Pacho” O’Donnell, first president of the Manuel Dorrego National Institute of Historical Revisionism, was born in Buenos Aires. Within the series “The Argentine history that they did not tell us” he published the essays The sacred cry, The warrior eagle, The White King and The cursed heroes.

1951 – JUAN M. FANGIO. The motorsport driver Juan Manuel Fangio wins the Spanish Grand Prix at the Pedralbes circuit with the Italian Alfa Romeo team, obtaining his first Formula 1 world title. He was also world champion of the category in 1954, 1955, 1956 and 1957.

1955 – BILL GATES. American businessman, computer scientist and philanthropist Bill Gates (William Henry Gates III), co-founder of the giant Microsoft and one of the richest and most influential men in the world, was born in the city of Seattle (Washington, USA).

1963 – EROS RAMAZZOTTI. The Italian singer-songwriter Eros Ramazzotti (Eros Luciano Walter Ramazzotti) was born in Rome, who has sold more than 65 million records worldwide.

1967 – JULIA ROBERTS. American actress Julia Fiona Roberts was born in the city of Smyrna (Georgia, USA). She has won 37 awards, including an Oscar and three Golden Globes. She has filmed 50 films, including the blockbusters Pretty Woman and Notting Hill.

1974 – JOAQUIN PHOENIX. American actor Joaquín Phoenix, winner of an Oscar for his leading role in the film “Joker,” was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He also won two Golden Globes and a Grammy, among other awards.

1999 – RAFAEL ALBERTI. At the age of 96, in Puerto Santa María, Cádiz, Spain, the Spanish poet, painter, playwright and politician Rafael Alberti died. During his exile at the end of the Spanish Civil War he was in Totoral, province of Córdoba, Argentina. Works: Lost Groves, Sea and Land.

2007 – CRISTINA FERNÁNDEZ. The lawyer and former legislator Cristina Fernández de Kirchner becomes the first woman elected President of the Nation, by winning the presidential elections with 45.29% of the votes with the Frente de Todos formula, accompanied by Julio Cobos as a candidate for vice president .

Other anniversaries

1848.- The first railway line between the towns of Barcelona and Mataró is officially inaugurated in Spain.

1885.- The Spanish actress María Guerrero debuts at the age of 18 at the Teatro de la Princesa in Madrid and does so with the play “Sin familia” by Miguel Echegaray.

1886.- In the United States, President Grover Cleveland inaugurates the Statue of Liberty on Bedloe Island in New York, currently known as Liberty Island.

1900.- The Royal Spanish Sports Club is founded in Barcelona.

1918.- The independence of Czechoslovakia is proclaimed in Prague after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after the end of the First World War.

1924.- France recognizes the Government of the Soviet Union.

1937.- The independent state of Inner Mongolia is proclaimed, one of the five autonomous regions that make up the People’s Republic of China.

1938.- More than 200,000 people come to Barcelona to say goodbye to the International Brigades that are leaving Spain after two years defending the republican cause during the Civil War.

1944.- The Riazor Municipal Stadium is inaugurated in La Coruña.

1956.- Spanish Television (TVE) begins its official broadcasts on a regular basis.

1958.- Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, who takes the name John XXIII, is elected pope on the fourth day of the conclave.

1962.- The Soviet Union removes the missiles installed in Cuba and the United States agrees not to invade the island, putting an end to what is known as the “missile crisis.”

1977.- Queen’s album called “News of the World” is released.

1982.- The Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) wins the legislative elections with an absolute majority and governs alone for the first time in Spain.

1994.- The Spanish Government approves the creation of the Integral Steel Industry, a substitute for the Altos Hornos de Vizcaya and Ensidesa.

.- The National Forum for Peace and Reconciliation in Ireland opens in Dublin.

1998.- The High Court of England and Wales determines that Pinochet, detained preventively in a London clinic, enjoys immunity as former head of state.

1999.- The Parliament of Montenegro issues a law establishing the existence of a Montenegrin nationality and not a Yugoslav citizenship, as until now.

2004.- The Conference of Presidents meets in the Senate, for the first time in the history of Spanish democracy.

2013.- Six miners die in the Emilio del Valle de Llombera de Gordón well (León) due to a gas leak.

2016.- It is decided in Australia to create a protected area of ​​1.55 million square kilometers in the Ross Sea (Antarctic), the largest marine reserve in the world.

2017.- In Spain, the vice president of the Government, Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, assumes the functions and powers of the Presidency of the Generalitat after the resignation of its holder until then, Carles Puigdemont, and under the protection of article 155 of the Constitution.

BIRTH

1466.- Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch humanist writer.

1866.- Ramón María del Valle Inclán, Spanish writer.

1906.- Ramón Rubial, Spanish socialist leader.

1930.- Bernard Charles Ecclestone, English Formula 1 skipper.

1931.- Analía Gadé, Argentine actress.

1943.- Charo López, Spanish actress.

1952.- Pío García Escudero, Spanish politician.

1957.- Stephen Paul David Morris, Stephen Morris, British musician.

1968.- Simoneta Gómez-Acebo de Borbón, daughter of the Infanta Pilar and niece of King Juan Carlos.

1978.- Marta Etura Palenzuela, Spanish actress.

1987.- Frank Ocean, Frank, American rap singer and songwriter.

DEATHS

1704.- John Locke, English philosopher.

1938.- Ramón Franco Bahamonde, Spanish military aviator and brother of Francisco Franco.

1977.- Miguel Mihura, Spanish writer, cartoonist and humorist.

1999.- Rafael Alberti, Spanish poet.

2003.- Joan Perucho Gutiérrez, Spanish writer, journalist and academic.

2007.- Bao Zunxin, scientist and Chinese opposition leader.

2009.- Bernarda Jiménez Peña, Spanish singer known as Bernarda de Utrera.

2011.- Juan María Bandrés Molet, Spanish politician.

2013.- Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Polish politician.

2014.- José María Manzanares, Spanish bullfighter.

2018.- Luis Miguel Enciso Recio, Spanish politician, historian, writer and professor.

2020.- Alain Rey, French linguist.

Source: own and agencies.